{"id":1499,"date":"2023-11-28T21:11:12","date_gmt":"2023-11-28T21:11:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/simulide.live\/p\/ecg-signal-generator\/"},"modified":"2024-08-03T23:48:51","modified_gmt":"2024-08-03T23:48:51","slug":"ecg-signal-generator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/ecg-signal-generator\/","title":{"rendered":"ECG signal generator."},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>Introduction:<\/h3>\n<p>This article presents a detailed explanation of an ECG signal generator circuit built using a 74HC4017 decade counter. The circuit enables users to modify the wave shape of the ECG signal, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of the cardiac activity.<\/p>\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/storage\/2023\/11\/ecg_signal.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-full size-full alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/storage\/2023\/11\/ecg_signal.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>ECG signal:<\/h4>\n<p>There are three main components to an ECG:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The P wave<\/strong>, which represents depolarization of the atria.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The QRS complex<\/strong>, which represents depolarization of the ventricles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The T wave<\/strong>, which represents repolarization of the ventricles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In this circuit you can modify the wave shape using several potentiometers to control different parts of the wave and 2 switches to activate\/deactivate the 2 main branches.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Circuit Description:<\/h3>\n<p>The ECG signal generator circuit is constructed using a <strong>74HC4017<\/strong> decade counter, which is a high-speed, low-power CMOS counter. <br \/>The pulse train is created by connecting the output of the 74HC4017 to a series of resistors and capacitors, which shape the waveform of the ECG signal. <br \/>These resistors and capacitors are adjusted to control the amplitude, duration, and shape of the ECG signal. The outputs of the 74HC4017 are arranged in 2 branches:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>P\/T Branch<\/strong>: Output <strong>Q0<\/strong> generates the <strong>P<\/strong> pulse and output <strong>Q3<\/strong> generates The <strong>T<\/strong> pulse. These 2 pulsed are combined to form the P\/T branch.<\/li>\n<li><strong>R\/S Branch<\/strong>: Output <strong>Q2<\/strong> generates a pulse that is divided in 2 pulses: <strong>R<\/strong> and <strong>S<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These 2 branches are then mixed to generate the complete signal. <br \/>There are 2 switches to connect\/disconnect each of the main branches from the output and see which parts of the signal are actually controlled by each branch.<\/p>\n<p>There are 2 potentiometers and 2 variable resistors to control each component of the signal:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <strong>P T:<\/strong> Potentiometer controlling the proportion of P respect to T components in P\/T branch.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/pt.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/pt.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <strong>P\/T R\/S:<\/strong> Potentiometer controlling the proportion between the 2 branches: P\/T and R\/S.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/ptsr.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/ptsr.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <strong>R:<\/strong> Variable resistors controlling the R peak in R\/S branch. <br \/>&#8211; <strong>S:<\/strong> Variable resistors controlling the S peak in R\/S branch.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/rs-1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/rs-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>There is also a LED triggered at the heart beat frequency, controlled by the clock.<\/p>\n<p>By configuring different values for the resistors and capacitors and\/or adding new ones you can shape the different components of the signal. <br \/>You can experiment adding other branches and mixing wit the existing ones to create more complex or more realistic patterns.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Resources:<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ti.com\/lit\/ds\/symlink\/cd74hc4017.pdf\">&#8211; 74HC4017 datasheet<\/a>. <br \/>&#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Electrocardiography\">More information about electrocardiography<\/a> in Wikipedia.<\/p>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-1499_33cf8f-82 .kt-block-spacer{height:60px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-1499_33cf8f-82 .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-1499_33cf8f-82\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\"><hr class=\"kt-divider\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Downloads:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-file\"><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-492d7320-f158-459e-9de2-e3ac31e6bd34\" href=\"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/ecg.zip\">ecg<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/ecg.zip\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-492d7320-f158-459e-9de2-e3ac31e6bd34\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ECG signal generator simulates the output of an electrocardiograph machine.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1924,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1499","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analog","category-digital"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1499","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1499"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1499\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2913,"href":"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1499\/revisions\/2913"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1924"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1499"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1499"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/simulide.com\/p\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1499"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}